When a vaccine is introduced into a healthy body, the. Review article developing rnai strategy against yellow. Bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus byvmv that causes severe economic losses. The hybrid is moderately tolerant to yellow vein mosaic virus. Older leaves have irregular yellow areas which are interveinal.
The genome of the virus was amplified, cloned and sequenced. Yellowing of the entire network of veins in the leaf blade is the characteristic symptom. Symptoms normally fade when warm weather slows the viral activity within infected plants. Varietal screening of okra abelmoschus esculentusl.
The first picking starts from 45 47 days after sowing and the fruits are slender,shiny dark green in colour. Seed production technology of okra abelmoschus esculentus july 11, 2017 august 12, 2017 posted in agriculture okra or ladys finger abelmoschus esculentus. In this tribe gossypium is the most important genus. Bhendi yellow vein mosaic disease is caused by a virus and is spread by insects in lady fingers.
Cultivation of crops agriculture is considered an offbeat practice in todays world. Khan and mukhopadhaya 1985 conducted the gradient study on the spread of bhendi yvmv and showed a steep rise during the early growth stages of the crop. The fruits are harvested when immature and used as a vegetable. Yellow vein mosaic disease yvmd, which is caused by association of many distinctive mono and bipartite begomoviruses and their satellites is the most devastating disease of okra abelmoschus esculentus l. The fruits of the infected plants become pale yellow to white in color, deformed, small and tough in texture.
Observation was made at 35, 50 and 65 days after sowing. It was first found in 1924 in bombay of india and sri lanka. Okra yellow vein mosaic is devastating pathogen of okra, sign ificantly lowers the yield up to 94%. Yield loss due to this virus is quite high, up to 8094 percent is. Yellow vein mosaic is a devastating disease of okra, caused by monopartite and bipartite begomovirus and associate satellites. The plant is susceptible to a most important and destructive begomovirus. Which organism causes yellow vein mosaic of ladys finger. The initial symptom on young leaves is a diffuse, mottled appearance.
Yellow vein mosaic virus powdery mildew dust sulphur 25 kgha or spray dinocap 2 mllit or tridemorph 0. Ncert science textbooks class 612, wikipedia microbes or microorganisms microorganisms include bacteria, fungi, protozoa, some algae, viruses, viroids and also prions that are proteinacious infectious agents. Late flowering and long fruiting habit, resistance to yellow vein mosaic virus, fruit borer and jassid and higher vitamin c content present in the wild species can be utilized for the improvement of a. When you harvest a pod, another grows in its place. Finger vein identification based on minutiae feature. The leaf sample from okra plants showing the yellow vein mosaic disease symptoms was collected in karnataka state, india. Vein clearing, vein chlorosis, yellow veins enclosing green patches of the leaf. Natural occurrence of bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus on litsea spp. Abelmoschus esculentus an overview sciencedirect topics. Rust of wheat is a fungal disease spread through air.
Bhendi vein clearing virus recognize the problem this is a viral disease occurring on bhendi okra ladys finger. Vaccines contain dead or weakened microbes of a particular disease. Microbes or microorganisms diseases caused by microorganisms diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, protozoans and fungi. Whether to adorn a more formal garden bed, or be placed in a colorful, moving pot, this plant just keeps giving us more and greater. Byvmv was first reported from mumbai in india kulkarni, 1924. The leaves are 1020 cm 48 in long with 57 lobes the plant produces flowers with five white to yellow petals which are 48 cm 1. Fungal diseases are a major constraint next to the yellow vein mosaic virus yvmv in all areas of the country okra producing. Yellow vein mosaic disease is the major limitation in the production of bhendi or okra abelmoschus esculentus, an important vegetable crop of india. Congenital varicose veins are due to disorders in the natural development of the venous system, and usually are part of a vascular malformation in the limb, present at birth. P7 was moderately susceptible while the rest fall in the category of susceptible and highly susceptible. Investigations on stigma receptivity, pollen storage, bud size and pollination frequency for hybrid seed production in bhendi abelmoschus esculentus l. Some wellknown species of this tribe include okra h. Mock test for vegetable science 15 questions, more updated soon. Only one parent and 11 hybrids were fall in resistance category against yellow vein mosaic virus.
Okra crop is grown throughout the year and is susceptible to many fungal pathogens. Okra seeds are also good sources of protein and vegetable oil yadav and dhankhar 2001. Okra mosaic virus okmv, transmitted by flea beetles podagrica, is widespread in africa but damage is much less important than that caused by okra leaf curl disease olcv, transmitted by whitefly bemisia tabaci. This disease spread from one plant to another by insects. The characteristic symptoms of the disease are a homogenous interwoven network of yellow veins. Its related to the hibiscus plant and produces similarly beautiful flowers. The objectives of this study is to study the spatial and temporal pattern of b. Insect pests of okra insect pest attack on okra plant causes substantial reduction in crop growth and yield. This is the most important and destructive viral disease in bhendi. Whitefly is also the vector of yellow vein mosaic virus byvmv, a. Okra is a vegetable that keeps on giving all summer long.
Okra plants have small erect stems that can be bristly or hairless with heartshaped leaves. Jump to navigation jump to search this article is a list of diseases. Cotton, a plant of the genus gossypium name used by pliny, is a member of the tribe hibisceae. The veins of the leaves will be cleared by the virus and interveinal area becomes completely yellow or white. Okra e agriculture service for farmers bakhabar kissan. Moench is a traditional pod vegetable widely grown in low, medium and highinput systems for domestic and export markets. Seed production technology of okra abelmoschus esculentus. In a world that is witnessing propelled growth in the use of technology, there is a lot of. Nazuk is a high yielding hybrid with moderate tolerance to yellow vein mosaic. Natural occurrence of bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus on. Moench against okra yellow vein mosaic virus under different management practices at paklihawa, rupandehi, nepal. This disease is caused by a complex consisting of the monopartite begomovirus bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus byvmv, family.
Sequence analysis revealed that the viral genome gu112065 is 2,741 bp in length and genome is similar to that of monopartite begomoviruses originating from the old world, with seven conserved orfs. The disease infects at all the stages of crop growth and severely reduces growth and yield. Geminiviridae and a small satellite dna beta component. In addition to varicose veins, these individuals may also have an enlarged and longer. Morphological characterization and agronomic evaluation of. Abelmoschus esculentus malvaceae commonly called okra, ladys finger, bhendi or bindi is an important vegetable crop grown in west bengal, india. Microorganisms that grow on our food sometimes produce toxic substances. The disease is caused by yellow vein mosaic virus, transmitted by insect vector, the whitefly, bemisia tabaci. Yellow vein mosaic virus yvmv and enation leaf curl virus elcv are major viral diseases of okra abelmoschus esculentus l. Chakraborty b, mitra a, sultana s, sherpa ar, 2015. Ladys finger bhindi or okra yellow vein mosaic is considered very important disease. This disease is caused by a virus called yellow vein mosaic virus. Okra is cultivated for its fibrous fruits or pods containing round, white seeds. Devices for finger vein image acquisition finger vein biometric systems use infrared ir light to capture blood vessels, however, the position of infrared light source affects the quality of the images.
Bract mosaic banana bract mosaic virus abaca bract mosaic virus. General steps involved in finger vein identification process. The economic and ecological sustainability of okra in these systems is under question because of the lowyielding potential, suboptimal pod quality and susceptibility to biotic and biotic stresses especially the yellow vein mosaic virus. Leaves of infected plants often have a mosaic pattern of dark green blotches on a pale yellow background. Yellow vein mosaic virus yvmv its the most important and destructive viral disease in okra plants are more susceptible 35 50 days after sowing the disease is transmitted by the white fly bemisia tabaci infected leaves become totally light yellow and there is not trace of green fruits of infected plants exhibit a pale yellow. Moench in the tropics threatening its commercial cultivation. An experiment was under taken in rainy seasons of 2015 and 2016 to estimate the gene action involved in inheritance of resistance to yellow vein mosaic virus yvmv disease in okra abelmoschus. Okra diseases and pests, description, uses, propagation.
In severe infections, the younger leaves turn yellow to become entirely chlorotic and the plant is highly stunted. Varicose veins that develop after trauma or deep vein thrombosis are of secondary cause. The geographical origin of okra is disputed, with supporters of west african, ethiopian, and south asian origins. Pdf resistance to bhendi yellow vein mosaic disease. This is a viral disease occurring on bhendi okra ladys finger. Pdf yellow vein mosaic is a devastating disease of okra, caused by monopartite and bipartite begomovirus and associate satellites.
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