The sporophyte is the conspicuous and familiar plant body. Classification of pteridophytes for a long time the division pteridophyta includedthe ferns, lycopods and horsetails. Ferns gametophyte is called prothallus, very small and produces the gametes. Pteridophytes pteridophytes are primitive seedless vascular plants also called cryptogams. Instead, the water and minerals flow from the surface of the plant cell to cell in the plants body. Occurrence and evolution of pteridophytes biology boom.
Plants are differentiated into true roots, stem and leaves. The plant list includes 46,428 scientific plant names of species rank for the pteridophytes. Pteridophyta is the most highly evolved group among the cryptogams. Their male sex organ in flower is the stamen, and the female sex organ is the pistil in flower. Pteridophytes general characteristics free online biology. Pteridophytes general characters ppt general characteristics, life cycle and reproduction of pteridophytes ppt what are pteridophytes. Members of this group are most primitive living vascular plants. Mcq quiz on plant kingdom multiple choice questions and answers on plant kingdom mcq questions on plant kingdom objectives questions with answer test pdf for interview preparations, freshers jobs and competitive exams. Examples of pteridophytes include horsetails and ferns. Pteridophytes includes plants that have a vascular system and reproduce through spores. Pteridophytes commonly known as vascular cryptogams, are the seedless vascular plants that evolved after bryophytes. Pteridophyta characteristics, life cycle, classification.
Some pteridophytes are aquatic and some are epiphytes. The plant body can be divided into a true root, stem, and leaves. The cryptogamia was further divided into thallophyta. Download ncert solutions for class 11 biology chapter 3 plant kingdom in pdf form free to use it offline. Pteridophytes pteridophytes is a general term for the vascular, free.
As in seed plants, the greatest diversity of pteridophytes is found in the tropics, with only about six hundred species adapted for life in temperate climates. It is thalluslike and prostrate or erect, and attached to the substratum by unicellular or multicellular rhizoids. The main difference between bryophytes and pteridophytes is that the plant body of bryophytes is not differentiated into root, stem, and leaves whereas the plant body of pteridophytes is differentiated into root, stem, and leaves. Useful notes on the classification of pteridophytes. These organs possess well differentiated vascular tissues. They are the vascular plants those having xylem and phloem tissues that reproduce by releasing spores rather than seeds, and they include the highly diverse true ferns and other graceful, primarily forestdwelling plants. The pteridophytes are found in cool, damp, shady places though some may flourish well in sandy soil conditions. Pteridophytes, also known as vascular cryptogams and ferns and fern allies, comprise about 12 000 species of vascular plants that do not produce.
Sporophyte is differentiated into stem, leaves and roots. Pteridophytes or pteridophyta, in the broad interpretation of the term or sensu lato, are vascular plants plants with xylem and phloem that reproduce and disperse via spores. Sporangia develop either on the ventral surface or in the axil of. The modern classification of pteridophytes have been suggested by many scientist according to the sporne1975 pteridophytes have been classified into six classes. O the sporophytic plant body is differentiated into stem, root and leaves. Ncert solutions 202021 are updated according to new cbse syllabus 202021 to all boards who are using ncert books.
It is the female sex organ of bryophytes, pteridophytes, and gymnosperms. Proteinaceous body usually surrounded by starch found in algae. Classification of pteridophyta linkedin slideshare. Sporophytic plant body the main independent plant body is sporophyte. Briefly, explain the pattern of lifecycle followed by a. The main difference between thallophyta bryophyta and pteridophyta is that the plant body of thallophyta is a thallus while the plant body of bryophyta shows stemlike, rootlike, and leaflike structures and the plant body of pteridophyta is differentiated into true stem, root, and leaves. Pteridophytes may represent the closest living relatives sister group to the seed plants. Professionals, teachers, students and kids trivia quizzes to test your knowledge on the subject. The sporophyte is the recognized plant body of all pteridophytes. The body of the sporophyte is well differentiated into roots, stem and leaves. Some of the species belonging to this division have small leaves called as the microphylls. They may possess rootlike, leaflike or stemlike structures.
Pdf difference between bryophytes and pteridophytes. Plant kingdom thallophytes algae bryophytes pteridophytes. The development of sporangium may be of eusporangiate or. As they produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are referred to as cryptogams. Pteridophytes are vascular plants that reproduce and disperse via spores. Thallophyta and bryophyta do not consist of a true. A concept based exclusive material pteridophytes, gymnosperms. Pteridophytes biology encyclopedia plant, body joilethbwinmi.
Characteristics of pteridophytes, morphology of pteridophytes, reproduction of pteridophytes, homosporous and heterosporous pteridophytes, megaspore and microspores, gametophytes of pteridophytes, fertilization, zygote and embryo. Pteridophytes ferns and fern allies the plant list. The plant body of bryophytes is more differentiated than that of algae. Ferns, horsetails often treated as ferns, and lycophytes clubmosses, spikemosses, and quillworts are all pteridophytes. Table 1 showed that 225 pteridophytic species have been studied and phytoliths were detected in 168 species.
Pteridophytes and gymnosperms have haplodiplontic life cycle. Pteridophytes are seedless, and they procreate through spores. Megaphylls are the large leaves that some pteridophytes have. In 168 species studied, phytoliths were diagnostic in 121 species, might be diagnostic in 34 species and not diagnostic in species.
Many pteridophytes supplement their sexual cycles with various forms of vegetative reproduction yatskievych 2003. The main plant body is a sporophyte which is differentiated into true root, stem and leaves. Vascular tissue is present and the plant body is differentiated into root, stem and leaves. The main plant body is sporophytic, differentiated into root, stem and leaves. Silent features of pteridophytes definition, examples. Silent features of pteridophytes definition, examples, diagrams.
Mar 08, 2016 the pteridophytes are found in cool, damp, shady places though some may flourish well in sandysoil conditions. The bryophytes and pteridophytes both follow a haplodiplontic lifecycle. General characteristics of pteridophytes key points easy. Pteridophyta resembles ferns and reproduce through spores.
The sporophyte of pteridophyta possesses welldeveloped vascular tissue consisting of both xylem and phloem. It develops from the zygote, a diploid cell which results from the fertilization of the egg and antherozoid. The plant body is a gametophyte and it is conspicuous, long lived. On the basis of their anatomy jeffrey in 1902 divided the vascular plants into two types or stocks. The plant list includes a further 3,533 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the pteridophytes. The sporophyte develops from the zygote, a diploid cell which results from the fertilization of the egg by a sperm. They are the first evolved plant group with vascular tissue system for the conduction of water and food materials. Dry fronds of many ferns are used as a cattle feed. Apr 20, 2017 pteridophytes pteridophytes are primitive seedless vascular plants also called cryptogams. Read the introductory remarks and list of characteristics of the bryophytes p. They are preserved in the form of fossils or coal deposits. Besides being a lower plant, pteridophytes are economically very important. Draw the life cycle of an angiosperm along with a brief note on double fertilisation.
Download offline apps based on latest ncert books 202021 for new session. It is the male sex organ of bryophytes and pteridophytes, which is surrounded by a jacket of sterile cells. Seed plants include the angiosperms, the conifers, and a smaller assortment of other plants. Eichler 1883 divided the plant kingdom into cryptogamia and phanerogamia. They show much variation in their form, size and habit. They generally live as an understory plant in shaded, moist areas, although their habitat varies considerably. A pteridophyte is a vascular plant with xylem and phloem that disperses spores. Their plant body is differentiated into stem, leaves, and roots. Difference between thallophyta bryophyta and pteridophyta. O most of the present day pteridophytes are with herbaceous stem, some are woody. Some of the characters of pteridophytes are as follows. Bryophytes are embryophytes that do not have vascular tissues.
Ncert solutions for class 11 biology chapter 3 plant kingdom. Haeckel 1866 called these groups of plants as pteridophytes because of their pinnate or feather like fronds leaves. Phytoliths of pteridophytes can provide important insights into past vegetations piperno, 2006. They formed the dominant part of the earths during palaeozoic and mesozoic periods. Firstly all the botanists divided the plant kingdom into two large groups cryptogamia and phanerogamia, linnaeus 1754 used the term cryptogams for the first time for those plants which did not possess visible sex organs. General characteristics of pteridophytes key points.
Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are sometimes referred to as cryptogams, meaning that their means of reproduction is hidden. From a simple plant body consisting of only a few cells, land plants liverworts, hornworts, mosses and vascular plants evolved an elaborate two. Species of pteridophytes contained within the plant list belong to 35 plant families and 568 plant genera. Engler 1909 included the bryophyta and pteridophyta under embryophyta. Another difference between pterophyta and higher plants is that many species belonging to the pterophyta have a vegetative 1 sorus plural sori.
Many pteridophytes usually have the following characteristics. There are about eleven thousand different species of pteridophytes, making them the most diverse land plants after the flowering plants angiosperms. Their leaves are called fronds, which are highly divided except in a few isolated species. Leaf like and stem like structures are seen in mosses. O stem and roots have the permanent growing region at the apex. The pteridophytes ferns and fern allies pteridophytes are vascular plants and have leaves known as fronds tertium organum pdf portugues, roots and sometimes true stems. These have conspicuous sporophytic plant body, inconspicuous independent gametophytes with antheridia and partially embedded archegonia having 4rowed necks. Structure and function of vascular plant cells and tis. Vascular plants have a root system and a shoot system 1. Pteridophytes transition to land megaphylls equisetales.
Cormophyta is plant having real roots, stems and leaves. General characteristics of pteridophyta definition. Aug 28, 2016 pteridophytes or pteridophyta, in the broad interpretation of the term or sensu lato, are vascular plants plants with xylem and phloem that reproduce and disperse via spores. The main difference between bryophytes and pteridophytes is that the plant body of bryophytes is not differentiated into root, stem, and leaves whereas the plant body of. Pteridophytes biology encyclopedia plant, body, different. They are psilopsida, psilotopsida, lycopsida, sphenopsida, pteropsida and progymnospermopsida. May 26, 2017 the main difference between bryophytes and pteridophytes is that the plant body of bryophytes is not differentiated into root, stem, and leaves whereas the plant body of pteridophytes is differentiated into root, stem, and leaves. The vegetative plant body is a sporophyte in pteridophytes.
Difference between bryophytes and pteridophytes definition. Rhizoid performs the function of water absorption and fixing the plant to the soil. Like reptiles first true land animals that evolved after. Most pteridophytes are terrestrial and grow in moist and shady places while some flourish well in open, dry places especially in xeric conditions. May 26, 2017 the main difference between bryophytes and pteridophytes is that the plant body of bryophytes is not differentiated into root, stem, and leaves whereas the plant body of pteridophytes is. Characteristics of pteridophytes, morphology of pteridophytes, reproduction of pteridophytes, homosporous and heterosporous pteridophytes, megaspore and microspores, gametophytes of pteridophytes, fertilization, zygote and embryo of pteridophytes, life cycle. Pteridophytes are a group of primitive land plants belongs to the cryptogams. C the sporophytic plant body is differentiated into true roots, stem and leaves.
Due to the presence of vascular tissue, they are called as vascular cryptogams. You may recall that in bryophytes the dominant phase in the life cycle is the gametophytic plant body. Lifecycle of gymnosperm angiosperm their main plant body is sporophytic and they bear flowers. The primary roots are ephemeral and are soon replaced by adventitious roots which develop on rhizome.
Like reptiles first true land animals that evolved. Due to discovery of the fossil plants, the classification of pteridophytes has undergone vast changes in the recent past. Ncert solutions for class 11 biology chapter 3 in pdf form to free download in english medium updated for new academic session 202021. Pteridophytes ferns and lycophytes are freesporing vascular plants that have a life cycle with alternating, freeliving gametophyte and sporophyte phases that are independent at maturity. Vegetative reproduction is by adventitious buds, tubers, brood bodies or by gemmae. Movements of the whole plant body or of an organ or of material within the plant cell which occur in responses to inherent factors and are free and spontaneous are said to be movements of locomotion. The plant body shoot system root system vascular system for transporting water and food up and down. Samacheer kalvi 11th bio botany solutions chapter 2 plant. Some pteridophytes are aquatic marselia, azolla and some are epiphytes ophioglossum pendulum. The leaves in pteridophytes can be small as in selaginelia or large as in ferns. Ncert solutions for class 11 biology chapter 3 plant. Bryophytes the haploid generation represents a dominant, independent, photosynthetic, thalloid or erect phase.
Plant kingdom cbse notes for class 11 biology cbse tuts. Pteridophyte reproduction christian brothers university. In pteridophytes, the main plant body is a sporophyte which is differentiated into true root, stem and leaves. They dont have conducting tissues for transportation of water and minerals. However, in pteridophytes, the main plant body is a sporophyte which is differentiated into true root, stem and leaves. Jan 23, 2017 some pteridophytes are aquatic marselia, azolla and some are epiphytes ophioglossum pendulum. Gemma are green, multicellular, asexual buds which develop in receptacles. Classxibiology plant kingdom 5 practice more on plant kingdom. Multiple choice questions on pteridophytes mcq biology. Plants sporophyte reproduce by spores formed in sporangia. Plant kingdom multiple choice questions and answers mcq. In 1880, the cryptogams of the plant kingdom were divided. This page contains all the question answers given in chapter end exercises of class 11 biology chapter 3 plant kingdom.
Plant kingdom multiple choice questions and answers. The haploid phase alternates with the shortlived multicellular sporophyte totally or partially dependent on the gametophyte for its anchorage and nutrition. Sporangia develop either on the ventral surface or in the axil of leaves. What are bryophytes definition, structure, classification, characteristics 2.
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